Quantitative Chemical Analysis 9th Edition

Book Preface

Goals of This Book

My goals are to provide a sound physical understanding of the principles of analytical chemistry and to show how these principles are applied in chemistry and related disciplines— especially in life sciences and environmental science. I have attempted to present the subject in a rigorous, readable, and interesting manner, lucid enough for nonchemistry majors, but containing the depth required by advanced undergraduates. This book grew out of an introductory analytical chemistry course that I taught mainly for nonmajors at the University of California at Davis and from a course for third-year chemistry students at Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

What’s New?

Beginning with dinosaur body temperature on the back cover of this book, analytical chemistry addresses interesting questions in the wider world. The facing page draws a connection between the back cover and underlying human achievement in physics that enables us to deduce body temperature from the isotopic composition of teeth. The story of Maria Goeppert Mayer is a lesson for us all in how women in science were so poorly treated not so long ago. In this edition, the introduction to titrations has been consolidated in Chapter 7. Acidbase, EDTA, redox, and spectrophotometric titrations are still treated in other chapters. The
power of the spreadsheet is unleashed in Chapter 8 to reach numerical solutions to equilibrium problems and in Chapter 19 to compute equilibrium constants from spectrophotometric data. Atomic spectroscopy Chapter 21 has a new section on X-ray fl uorescence as a routine analytical tool. Mass spectrometry Chapter 22 has been expanded to increase the level of detail and to help keep up with new developments. Chapter 27 has an extraordinary sequence of micrographs showing the onset of crystallization of a precipitate. Three new methods in sample preparation were added to Chapter 28. Appendix B takes a deeper look at propagation of uncertainty and Appendix C treats analysis of variance.

For the fi rst time since I began work on this book in 1978, I have taken on a contributing author for part of this revision. Professor Chuck Lucy of the University of Alberta shares his expertise and teaching experience with us in Chapters 23–26 on chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. He improved the discussion of the effi ciency of separation and mechanisms of band spreading. Emphasis is placed on types of interactions between solutes and the stationary phase. Types of solvent polarity are distinguished in liquid chromatography. Examples are given for the selection of stationary phase and pH for liquid chromatography separations. Electrophoresis has more emphasis on the effects of ion size and pH on mobility. Chuck contributes the views of a specialist in separation science to these chapters. New boxed applications include a home pregnancy test (Chapter 0 opener), observing the addition of one base to DNA with a quartz crystal microbalance (Chapter 2 opener), medical implications of false positive results (Box 5-1), a titration on Mars (Chapter 7 opener),microequilibrium constants (Box 10-3), acid-base titration of RNA to provide evidence for the mechanism of RNA catalysis (Chapter 11 opener), the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and the Apollo 13 accident (Box 14-2), the lead-acid battery (Box 14-3), high-throughput DNA sequencing by counting protons (Chapter 15 opener), how perchlorate was discovered on Mars (Box 15-3), ion-selective electrode with a conductive polymer for a sandwich immunoassay
(Box 15-4), metal reaction at atomic steps (Box 17-1), an aptamer biosensor for clinical use (Box 17-5), Bunsen burner fl ame photometer (Box 21-2), atomic emission spectroscopy on Mars (Box 21-3), making elephants fl y (mechanism of protein electrospray,
Box 22-5), chromatographic analysis of breast milk (Chapter 23 opener), doping in sports (Chapter 24 opener), two-dimensional gas chromatography (Box 24-3), million-plate separation by slip fl ow chromatography (Box 25-1), forensic DNA profi ling (Chapter 26 opener and Section 26-8), and measuring van der Waals attraction (Box 27-1). New Color Plates illustrate the effect of ionic strength on ion dissociation (Color Plate 4), the mechanism of chromatography by partitioning of analyte between phases (Color Plate 30), and separation of dyes by solid-phase extraction (Color Plate 36).