MCAT Organic Chemistry Review 2022-2023: Online + Book
Book Preface
And now it starts: your long, yet fruitful journey toward wearing a white coat. Proudly wearing that white coat, though, is hopefully only part of your motivation. You are reading this book because you want to be a healer.
If you’re serious about going to medical school, then you are likely already familiar with the importance of the MCAT in medical school admissions. While the holistic review process puts additional weight on your experiences, extracurricular activities, and personal attributes, the fact remains: along with your GPA, your MCAT score remains one of the two most important components of your application portfolio—at least early in the admissions process. Each additional point you score on the MCAT pushes you in front of thousands of other students and makes you an even more attractive applicant. But the MCAT is not simply an obstacle to overcome; it is an opportunity to show schools that you will be a strong student and a future leader in medicine.
We at Kaplan take our jobs very seriously and aim to help students see success not only on the MCAT, but as future physicians. We work with our learning science experts to ensure that we’re using the most up-to-date teaching techniques in our resources. Multiple members of our team hold advanced degrees in medicine or associated biomedical sciences, and are committed to the highest level of medical education. Kaplan has been working with the MCAT for over 50 years and our commitment to premed students is unflagging; in fact, Stanley Kaplan created this company when he had difficulty being accepted to medical school due to unfair quota systems that existed at the time.
We stand now at the beginning of a new era in medical education. As citizens of this 21st-century world of healthcare, we are charged with creating a patient-oriented, culturally competent, cost-conscious, universally available, technically advanced, and research-focused healthcare system, run by compassionate providers. Suffice it to say, this is no easy task. Problem-based learning, integrated curricula, and classes in interpersonal skills are some of the responses to this demand for an excellent workforce—a workforce of which you’ll soon be a part.
We’re thrilled that you’ve chosen us to help you on this journey. Please reach out to us to share your challenges, concerns, and successes. Together, we will shape the future of medicine in the United States and abroad; we look forward to helping you become the doctor you deserve to be.
Good luck!
Alexander Stone Macnow, MD
Editor-in-Chief
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
BA, Musicology—Boston University, 2008
MD—Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 2013
Table of Contents
GO ONLINE
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The Kaplan MCAT Review Team
Getting Started Checklist
Preface
About Scientific American
About the MCAT
How This Book Was Created
Using This Book
Studying for the MCAT
CHAPTER 1:NOMENCLATURE
1.1IUPAC Naming Conventions
1.2Hydrocarbons and Alcohols
1.3Aldehydes and Ketones
1.4Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
High-Yield 1.5Summary of Functional Groups
CHAPTER 2:ISOMERS
2.1Structural Isomers
High-Yield 2.2Stereoisomers
2.3Relative and Absolute Configurations
CHAPTER 3:BONDING
3.1Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers
3.2Molecular Orbitals
3.3Hybridization
CHAPTER 4:ANALYZING ORGANIC REACTIONS
4.1Acids and Bases
4.2Nucleophiles, Electrophiles, and Leaving Groups
4.3Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
4.4Chemoselectivity
High-Yield 4.5Steps to Problem Solving
CHAPTER 5:ALCOHOLS
5.1Description and Properties
5.2Reactions of Alcohols
High-Yield 5.3Reactions of Phenols
CHAPTER 6:ALDEHYDES AND KETONES I: ELECTROPHILICITY AND OXIDATION—REDUCTION
6.1Description and Properties
6.2Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
6.3Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
CHAPTER 7:ALDEHYDES AND KETONES II: ENOLATES
7.1General Principles
7.2Enolate Chemistry
7.3Aldol Condensation
CHAPTER 8:CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
8.1Description and Properties
High-Yield 8.2Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
CHAPTER 9:CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
9.1Amides, Esters, and Anhydrides
9.2Reactivity Principles
High-Yield 9.3Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
CHAPTER 10:NITROGEN- AND PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
10.1Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
10.2Synthesis of α-Amino Acids
10.3Phosphorus-Containing Compounds
CHAPTER 11:SPECTROSCOPY
11.1Infrared Spectroscopy
11.2Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
11.3Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
CHAPTER 12:SEPARATIONS AND PURIFICATIONS
12.1Solubility-Based Methods
12.2Distillation
High-Yield 12.3Chromatography
GLOSSARY
INDEX
ART CREDITS
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