Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, 8th edition

Book Preface

In this eighth edition the basic objective of the earlier editions have been retained:

• to present a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of classical thermodynamicswhile retaining an engineering perspective, and in doing so
• to lay the groundwork for subsequent studies in such fields as fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and statistical thermodynamics, and also
• to prepare the student to effectively use thermodynamics in the practice of engineering.

The presentation is deliberately directed to students. New concepts and definitions are presented in the context where they are first relevant in a natural progression. The introduction has been reorganized with a very short introduction followed by the first thermodynamic properties to be defined (Chapter 1), which are those that can be readily measured: pressure, specific volume, and temperature. In Chapter 2, tables of thermodynamic properties are introduced, but only in regard to these measurable properties. Internal energy and enthalpy are introduced in connection with the energy equation and the first law, entropy with the second law, and the Helmholtz and Gibbs functions in the chapter on thermodynamic relations. Many real-world realistic examples have been included in the book to assist the student in gaining an understanding of thermodynamics, and the problems at the end of each chapter have been carefully sequenced to correlate with the subject matter, and are grouped and identified as such. The early chapters in particular contain a large number of examples, illustrations, and problems, and throughout the book, chapter-end summaries are included, followed by a set of concept/study problems that should be of benefit to the students.

This is the first edition I have prepared without the thoughtful comments from my colleague and coauthor, the late Professor Richard E. Sonntag,who substantially contributed to earlier versions of this textbook. Iamgrateful for the collaboration and fruitful discussions withmy friend and trusted colleague,whomI have enjoyed the privilege ofworking with over the last three decades. Professor Sonntag consistently shared generously his vast knowledge and experience in conjunction with our mutual work on previous editions of this book and on various research projects, advising PhD students and performing general professional tasks at our department. In honor of my colleague’s many contributions, Professor Sonntag still appears as a coauthor of this edition

Contents

• 1 Introduction and Preliminaries
• 2 Properties of a Pure Substance
• 3 First Law of Thermodynamics and Energy Equation
• 4 Energy Analysis for a Control Volume
• 5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 6 Entropy
• 7 Second-Law Analysis for a Control Volume
• 8 Exergy
• 9 Power and Refrigeration Systems—with Phase Change
• 10 Power and Refrigeration Systems—Gaseous Working Fluids
• 11 Gas Mixtures
• 12 Thermodynamic Relations
• 13 Chemical Reactions
• 14 Introduction to Phase and Chemical Equilibrium
• 15 Compressible Flow