AP U.S. Government and Politics Premium, 2022-2023: 6 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review + Online Practice
Genres: Politics & Social Sciences
Book Preface
The Advanced Placement U.S. Government and Politics course and test, unlike the other social studies AP courses and tests, is contemporary in nature. The students taking the course and the test are among the most politically aware.
Updating this book reflects a 26-year cycle of test changes that were incorporated when the first edition of the Barron’s AP U.S. Government and Politics was published. The 12th edition, like the 11th edition, has more changes than any previous edition. This edition also includes updates and changes to the new AP U.S. Government and Politics curriculum and exam implemented in the 2018–2019 school year. The multiple-choice section of the test is comprised of 55 multiple-choice questions, each with four answer choices. There are four different types of free-response questions, one of which is an “argumentation” essay.
The curriculum is organized by unit with each unit having “Big Ideas.” Each unit has what the curriculum calls “Enduring Understandings”—core ideas that students should remember; “Learning Objectives,” what students must be able to do; and “Essential Knowledge,” what students need to know. All content on the exam will be derived from these three areas. There are also required foundational documents and required Supreme Court cases that every student must know, as well as illustrated examples of primary and secondary documents that reflect the course objectives and understandings.
This edition is organized around the five units and five Big Ideas that are linked to the Enduring Understandings. Each of the five chapters correlates to the five units of the curriculum. Each unit has specific types of multiple-choice questions and one free-response question that reflects an Enduring Understanding and Learning Objective of that unit.
There are major additions to this edition. A Diagnostic Test has been added. It is a complete test with answer explanations and includes the four free-response questions and rubrics for those questions. The challenges faced in revising the content was that the Trump presidency was disrupted by a global pandemic and two impeachments. In addition, the 2020 election was unlike any other presidential election because the pandemic changed the way millions of people voted, resulting in the claim by President Trump that the election was “stolen.” Though Trump rejected the official Electoral College results, a peaceful transition of power ultimately occurred as the new president took office. On the day of the ratification of the Electoral College results, President Trump gave a speech to his followers, calling on them to “march down to Capitol.” Rather than a day of ceremony, violence erupted as Pro-Trump supported broke into the Capitol building, inciting violence and insurrection and causing the death of one police officer and four protesters. These events have been integrated within the key concept themes. For instance, the federal response to the pandemic will be discussed as part of the federalism key concept.
In preparing for the revisions for this edition, I have relied on the guidance provided by the College Board. I want to recognize my editor, Kristen Girardi, who provided helpful assistance. I also wish to thank my wife, Phyllis, who is without a doubt the best editor I have ever known. And special thanks to my grandson, Ethan, who is a high school student and offered valuable insight in reviewing the new Diagnostic Test and the changes made in this latest edition. I could not have completed this book without their support.
Curt Lader
June 2021
Table of Contents
How to Use This Book
Barron’s Essential 5
Preface
Introduction
A Guide to the Course and Exam
Skills Needed to Succeed
How the Test Is Scored
Study Strategies
Course Outline
Multiple-Choice Questions
Free-Response Questions
AP U.S. Government and Politics Free-Response Topics
Diagnostic Test
1Foundations of American Democracy (Unit 1: 15–22% Exam Distribution)
Big Ideas: Constitutionalism, Liberty and Order, Competing Policy-Making Interests
Questions Students Must Answer
Key Terms Students Must Know
Required Primary Documents Students Must Know
Required Supreme Court Cases Students Must Know
Key Concept 1.a: Evolution of Representative Democracy
Evolution of Representative Democracy Based on the Idea of Limited Government
Key Concept 1.b: Origins of the Constitution
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Key Concept 1.c: The Constitution
The Importance of Goals and Public Policy
The Role of Government Has Different Perspectives
Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
Presidential Succession
Executive Orders
Judicial Branch
Key Concept 1.d: Federalism
State Governments
National Policy Making and Federalism
Review Multiple-Choice Questions
Review Free-Response Question
2Interactions Among the Branches of Government (Unit 2: 25–36% Exam Distribution)
Big Ideas: Constitutionalism, Competing Policy-Making Interests
Questions Students Must Answer
Key Terms Students Must Know
Required Primary Documents Students Must Know
Required Supreme Court Cases Students Must Know
Key Concept 2.a: The Legislative Branch
Constitutional Review of Congress
Policy-Making Process of Congress
Key Concept 2.b: The Executive Branch
Constitutional Review of the Presidency
The Cabinet and White House Staff
How the President Communicates
Key Concept 2.c: The Judicial Branch
Quick Constitutional Review of the Judiciary
Key Concept 2.d: The Federal Bureaucracy
Constitutional Review of Bureaucracies
Executive-Level Departments
Review Multiple-Choice Questions
Review Free-Response Question
3Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (Unit 3: 13–18% Exam Distribution)
Big Ideas: Liberty and Order, Constitutionalism, Competing Policy-Making Interests, Civic Participation in a Representative Democracy
Questions Students Must Answer
Key Terms Students Must Know
Required Primary Documents Students Must Know
Other Documents Students Should Know
Required Supreme Court Cases Students Must Know
Optional Cases that Support Key Concepts
Key Concept 3.a: The Bill of Rights
The Nature of the Bill of Rights
First Amendment: Freedom of Religion
First Amendment: Freedom of Speech and the Press
First Amendment: Freedom of Assembly
Second Amendment: Right to Keep and Bear Arms
Fourth Amendment: Right to Privacy
Eighth Amendment: Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Ninth Amendment: Undefined Rights
Key Concept 3.b: The Fourteenth Amendment
Key Concept 3.c: Equal Protection Under the Law and Selective Incorporation
Right to Privacy as Applied in the Fourth and Ninth Amendments
Key Concept 3.d: Civil Rights
Key Concept 3.e: The Supreme Court Interprets Civil Rights Issues
African Americans’ Fight for Civil Rights
Social Movements and Civil Rights
Review Multiple-Choice Questions
Review Free-Response Question
4American Political Ideologies and Beliefs (Unit 4: 10–15% Exam Distribution)
Big Ideas: Methods of Political Analysis, Competing Policy-Making Interests
Questions Students Must Answer
Key Terms Students Must Know
Key Concept 4.a: Demographics and Political Socialization
Key Concept 4.b: Polling
Key Concept 4.c: Political Philosophies and Political Party Ideology
The Development of the Federal Budget Reflects Competing Policy Philosophies
The Federal Budget
Taxes
Searching For Solutions
Review Multiple-Choice Questions
Review Free-Response Question
5Political Participation (Unit 5: 20–27% of the Exam Distribution)
Big Ideas: Civic Participation in a Representative Democracy, Competing Policy-Making Interests, Methods of Political Analysis
Questions Students Must Answer
Key Terms Students Must Know
Required Supreme Court Case Students Must Know
Key Concept 5.a: Voting
Political Participation
Quick Review of the Constitutional and Legal Basis of Suffrage
Key Concept 5.b: Linkage Institutions
Political Parties
How Political Parties are Organized
Interest Groups
Key Concept 5.c: Elections as Linkage
Federal Election Laws
Key Concept 5.d: The Media as Linkage
Review Multiple-Choice Questions
Review Free-Response Question
Practice Test 1
Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions
Section 2: Free-Response Questions
Answer Key
Answer Explanations
Practice Test 2
Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions
Section 2: Free-Response Questions
Answer Key
Answer Explanations
Glossary
Appendix
Required Unit 1 Foundational Documents
Required Supreme Court Cases
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