Book Preface

People of the Earth

Golden pharaohs, lost cities, grinning human skeletons—archaeology is the stuff of romance and legend. Many people still think of archaeologists as adventurers and treasure hunters, like Indiana Jones of Hollywood movie fame seeking the elusive Crystal Skull. This enduring image goes back to the late nineteenth century, when archaeologists like Heinrich Schliemann of Troy fame could still find lost civilizations and excavate three royal palaces in a week. Today, no archaeologists behave like Indiana Jones. They are scientists, not adventurers, as comfortable in an air-conditioned laboratory as they are on a remote excavation.

The development of scientific archaeology from its Victorian beginnings ranked among the greatest triumphs of twentieth-century science. Archaeology has changed our perceptions of ourselves in profound ways, giving us a better understanding of our biological and cultural diversity. Welcome to the fascinating world of archaeology!

People of the Earth

Brief Contents

  1 Introducing World Prehistory

PART I BEGINNINGS

7 Million to 150,000 Years Ago

  2 Human Origins: 7 Million to 1.9 Million Years Ago

  3 Archaic Humans: Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, and Homo heidelbergensis: 1.9 Million to 150,000 Years Ago

PART II THE GREAT DIASPORA: THE ORIGINS AND SPREAD OF MODERN HUMANS

c. 150,000 Years Ago to Modern Times

  4 Origins and the Diaspora Begins: c. 200,000 Years Ago and Later

  5 Europe and Eurasia: c. 48,000 Years Ago to 8000 B.C.

  6 The First Americans: Around 14000 B.C. to Modern Times

  7 After the Ice: Before 10000 B.C. to Modern Times

PART III FIRST FARMERS

c. 10000 B.C. to Modern Times

  8 Agriculture and Animal Domestication

  9 The Origins of Food Production in Southwest Asia

10 The First European Farmers

11 First Farmers in Egypt and Tropical Africa

12 Asia and the Pacific: Rice, Roots, and Ocean Voyages

13 The Story of Maize: Early Farmers in the Americas

PART IV OLD WORLD CIVILIZATIONS

c. 3000 B.C. to Modern Times

14 The Development of Civilization

15 Early Civilizations in Southwest Asia

16 Egypt, Nubia, and Tropical Africa

17 Early States in South and Southeast Asia

18 Early Chinese Civilization

19 Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans

20 Europe Before the Romans

PART V NATIVE AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS

Before 2000 B.C. to A.D. 1534

21 Mesoamerican Civilizations

22 Andean Civilizations

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