Davis’s Comprehensive Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests
Genres: Medical
Book Preface
We hear every day from students and instructors that they want a laboratory and diagnostic test reference that will help them “connect the dots”— that will show them how to integrate laboratory and diagnostic test results into safe, compassionate, and effective nursing care. We have revised the eighth edition of the Handbook not only to be the comprehensive reference it was originally designed to be but also to provide improvements that more effectively answer that need. Additional objectives for this 8th edition include the following:
• Creation of a more portable product by decreasing its overall size while making sure that each study stands on its own without repeating too much information.
• Renaming studies for wider recognition and faster location or to create broader topics for specific studies with multiple modes of analysis (e.g., Chlamydia Testing, rather than Chlamydia Group Antibody, IgG and IgM).
• Combination of like studies under a single title to make them easier to find and to conserve space (e.g., CT, MRI, iron, hepatitis, therapeutic drug monitoring studies). We address over 600 tests under 325 individual titles.
• Development of a more efficient design that places the “need to know” information at the beginning of each study.
• Making the content more “visible” to the reader by presenting information in shorter statements, smaller paragraphs, and as tables and bulleted lists. We have also restored more than 80 mini- studies to full coverage in the book.
WHAT’S NEW IN THE 8TH EDITION?
• The Common Use heading has been replaced with Rationale, a more nurse- centered term used to summarize why a test is ordered.
• We moved information about patient preparation to the top of each study. Likewise, we shifted the Critical Findings section to immediately follow Normal Findings.
• We expanded the Overview to provide the study type (e.g., blood, urine, MRI, CT) and body systems related to the study.
• We included the explanation of the procedural portion of each study in Teaching the Patient What to Expect. The information explains in patient- friendly language why the health- care provider has ordered the test and provides the information a nurse would need to:
• Describe the procedure’s common use
• Describe how the procedure is conducted
• Describe where the procedure is conducted • Answer questions
• Provide reassurance • We reorganized the nursing implications section under three main headings: 1. Before the Study: Planning and Implementation 2. After the Study: Potential Nursing Actions and Patient/Family Teaching 3. Follow-Up, Evaluation, and Desired Outcomes
• We kept disease- related nutritional recommendations and cancer screening guidelines but limited the detailed information to a study commonly used to diagnose the condition, so there are now six main studies with detailed guidelines (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [ASCVD], diabetes, breast CA, prostate CA, colon CA, cervical CA); we added a reference to the relevant main study in the related studies. • We created a student checklist that condenses the main nurse- centered information in one place, organized by phase (pretest, intratest, and posttest). The checklist is located in the back of the book.
• We added Maternal Markers, a new study that covers the process of maternal genetic screening, current evidence- based recommendations, determination of carrier status, first- and second- trimester screening (triple screen, quad screen, penta screen), cell- free fetal DNA testing, genetic diagnostic and confirmatory tests, calculated prenatal screen risks, and a table that summarizes the types of screening tests. We put the tests together so as to present them as a process, which their combination truly is, rather than as a number of individual bits of information.
• We brought back the summary reference tables for Laboratory and Diagnostic critical findings.
• We have included new or updated information on:
• Genetic and genomic implications for health maintenance
• Molecular testing, companion diagnostics, and precision medicine
• Pediatric and older adult considerations
• Specific contraindications and corresponding rationales
• Specific nursing problems, associated patient signs and symptoms, and potential nursing interactions
• Specific complications with corresponding rationales and potential interventions
• Patient education, including references to Web sites for information related to specific health conditions or disease management guidelines
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines regarding lead exposure
• Current terminology, such as acute kidney injury (vs. acute kidney damage), chronic kidney disease (vs. chronic kidney damage), benign prostatic hyperplasia (vs. benign prostatic hypertrophy), biliary cholangitis (vs. biliary cirrhosis), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (vs. emphysema), heart failure (vs. congestive heart failure), precision diagnostics (vs. precision or personalized medicine)
• Recommendations for defining the presence of sepsis and septic shock, including clinical guidelines to facilitate more rapid identification of patients at risk
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommendations regarding genetic screening, genetic diagnostic testing, and cell- free fetal DNA testing • Expected post- study outcomes are expressed in statements that provide follow- up instructions or explanations and which reflect the collaborative nature of nurse- to- patient/family interactions in achieving specific desired outcomes
Evidence- based practice is reflected throughout in:
• Suggestions for patient teaching that reflect changes in standards of care, particularly with respect to current guidelines for cancer screening
• The most current CDC guidelines for communicable infections such as syphilis, tuberculosis, and HIV
• The most current guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association in conjunction with members of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s ATP IV Expert Panel • Best practices for preventing surgical site infections
• Best practice for addressing the need to obtain informed/written consent Critical Findings sections include:
• A simple statement that reinforces the role of the nurse in providing timely notification and documentation of critical values • Conventional and SI units
• Commonly reported adult, pediatric, and neonatal values WHAT’S NEW ONLINE? DavisPlus The following additional information is available at the DavisPlus Web site (http://davispl.us/vanleeuwen8):
• Fast Find: Lab & Dx. Purchasers have access to the searchable library of studies for all the studies included in the text.
• Adopters will have access to a searchable, digital version of the print edition via VitalSource.
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Read Now | August 3, 2020 |
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