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Statistics, 11th Edition



Statistics, 11th Edition PDF

Author: Robert S. Witte and John S. Witte

Publisher: Wiley

Genres:

Publish Date: January 17, 2017

ISBN-10: 1119386055

Pages: 496

File Type: PDF

Language: English

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Book Preface

TO THE READER
Students often approach statistics with great apprehension. For many, it is a required  course to be taken only under the most favorable circumstances, such as during a quarter or semester when carrying a light course load; for others, it is as distasteful as a visit  to a credit counselor—to be postponed as long as possible, with the vague hope that  mounting debts might miraculously disappear. Much of this apprehension doubtless  rests on the widespread fear of mathematics and mathematically related areas.
This book is written to help you overcome any fear about statistics. Unnecessary  quantitative considerations have been eliminated. When not obscured by mathematical  treatments better reserved for more advanced books, some of the beauty of statistics, as  well as its everyday usefulness, becomes more apparent.
You could go through life quite successfully without ever learning statistics. Having  learned some statistics, however, you will be less likely to flinch and change the topic  when numbers enter a discussion; you will be more skeptical of conclusions based on  loose or erroneous interpretations of sets of numbers; you might even be more inclined  to initiate a statistical analysis of some problem within your special area of interest.

TO THE INSTRUCTOR
Largely because they panic at the prospect of any math beyond long division, many  students view the introductory statistics class as cruel and unjust punishment. A halfdozen years of experimentation, first with assorted handouts and then with an extensive  set of lecture notes distributed as a second text, convinced us that a book could be written for these students. Representing the culmination of this effort, the present book  provides a simple overview of descriptive and inferential statistics for mathematically  unsophisticated students in the behavioral sciences, social sciences, health sciences,  and education.

PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES
• Basic concepts and procedures are explained in plain English, and a special effort  has been made to clarify such perennially mystifying topics as the standard deviation, normal curve applications, hypothesis tests, degrees of freedom, and analysis of variance. For example, the standard deviation is more than a formula; it  roughly reflects the average amount by which individual observations deviate  from their mean.
• Unnecessary math, computational busy work, and subtle technical distinctions  are avoided without sacrificing either accuracy or realism. Small batches of data  define most computational tasks. Single examples permeate entire chapters or  even several related chapters, serving as handy frames of reference for new concepts and procedures.

• Each chapter begins with a preview and ends with a summary, lists of important  terms and key equations, and review questions.
• Key statements appear in bold type, and step-by-step summaries of important  procedures, such as solving normal curve problems, appear in boxes.
• Important definitions and reminders about key points appear in page margins.
• Scattered throughout the book are examples of computer outputs for three of the  most prevalent programs: Minitab, SPSS, and SAS. These outputs can be either  ignored or expanded without disrupting the continuity of the text.
• Questions are introduced within chapters, often section by section, as Progress  Checks. They are designed to minimize the cumulative confusion reported by  many students for some chapters and by some students for most chapters. Each  chapter ends with Review Questions.
• Questions have been selected to appeal to student interests: for example, probability calculations, based on design flaws, that re-create the chillingly high likelihood of the Challenger shuttle catastrophe (8.18, page 165); a t test analysis of  global temperatures to evaluate a possible greenhouse effect (13.7, page 244);  and a chi-square test of the survival rates of cabin and steerage passengers aboard  the Titanic (19.14, page 384).
• Appendix B supplies answers to questions marked with asterisks. Other appendices provide a practical math review complete with self diagnostic tests, a glossary of important terms, and tables for important statistical distributions.

INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS
An electronic version of an instructor’s manual accompanies the text. The instructor’s  manual supplies answers omitted in the text (for about one-third of all questions), as well  as sets of multiple-choice test items for each chapter, and a chapter-by-chapter commentary  that reflects the authors’ teaching experiences with this material. Instructors can access  this material in the Instructor Companion Site at http://www.wiley.com/college/witte.
An electronic version of a student workbook, prepared by Beverly Dretzke of the  University of Minnesota, also accompanies the text. Self-paced and self-correcting, the  workbook contains problems, discussions, exercises, and tests that supplement the text.
Students can access this material in the Student Companion Site at http://www.wiley.com/college/witte.

CHANGES IN THIS EDITION
• Update discussion of polling and random digit dialing in Section 8.4
• A new Section 14.11 on the “file drawer effect,” whereby nonsignificant statistical findings are never published and the importance of replication.
• Updated numerical examples.
• New examples and questions throughout the book.
• Computer outputs and website have been updated


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