Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Global Edition 4th Edition

Book Preface

What do you think is the most important idea in all of human knowledge? This question has many possible answers—some practical, some philosophical, and some scientific. If we limit ourselves to scientific answers, mine would be this: the properties of matter are determined by the properties of atoms and molecules. Atoms and molecules determine how matter behaves—if they were different, matter would be different. The properties of water molecules determine how water behaves, the properties of sugar molecules determine how sugar behaves, and the properties of the molecules that compose our bodies determine how our bodies behave. The understanding of matter at the molecular level gives us unprecedented control over that matter. For example, our understanding of the details of the mole-cules that compose living organisms has revolutionized biology over the last 50 years.

Content

1 Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving 42
2 Atoms and Elements 90
3 Molecules and Compounds 132
4 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities 180
5 Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Reactions 208
6 Gases 252
7 Thermochemistry 304
8 The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom 352
9 Periodic Properties of the Elements 392
10 Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model 434
11 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, Valence Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital Theory 478
12 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces 536
13 Solids and Modern Materials 582
14 Solutions 620
15 Chemical Kinetics 672
16 Chemical Equilibrium 724
17 Acids and Bases 772
18 Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 828
19 Free Energy and Thermodynamics 888
20 Electrochemistry 938
21 Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry 988
Appendix I Common Mathematical Operations in Chemistry A-1
Appendix II Useful Data A-5
Appendix III Answers to Selected Exercises A-15
Appendix IV Answers to In-Chapter Practice Problems A-45
Glossary G-1
Photo and Text Credits C-1
Index I-1
B