Practical Applications in Sports Nutrition 5th Edition

Book Preface

Sports nutrition is an exciting field that combines the sciences of nutrition and exercise physiology. The generally accepted notion that proper nutrition can positively impact athletic performance has created the need for exercise and nutrition professionals to acquire knowledge that goes beyond the basics of general nutrition. In addition, emerging career opportunities in sports nutrition require that academic programs preparing registered dietitians expand the application of nutrition beyond the clinical population. Strength coaches and personal trainers also need to go beyond the nutrition basics to help their athletes achieve optimal performance. The growing research base supporting the importance of sports nutrition and the inherent interest of athletes seeking a nutritional edge have created an increased demand for sports nutrition courses in dietetic and exercise science programs.

In order to obtain a job in the sports nutrition field, readers need to understand current nutrition guidelines, be aware of the results of emerging research, and be able to practically apply sports nutrition knowledge to athletes of all ages, sports, and abilities. This text has been developed to meet these needs, providing readers with an opportunity to learn the most up-to-date information related to diet and athletic performance while also addressing consultation skills and giving readers the tools they need to educate others properly. The focus on research, current guidelines, and practical application of information makes this sports nutrition textbook unique among other texts currently on the market.

Undergraduate and graduate students as well as professionals from several different backgrounds will benefit from this textbook. Students in dietetics, exercise science, and athletic training programs will enhance their education with an understanding of the relationship among essential nutrients, energy metabolism, and optimal sports performance. Dietetics students seeking the registered dietitian (RD) credential will appreciate the thorough explanations and many helpful tips on how to guide an athlete through nutrition consultations. Exercise science and athletic training students will learn how to educate athletes regarding public domain sports nutrition guidelines as well as how to work together as a team with a registered dietitian and physician. Current professionals in the field of sports nutrition will benefit from adding this text to their reference library due to the straightforward and complete presentation of current sports nutrition recommendations and examples of practical applications for athletes participating in endurance, strength/power, and team sports.

Organization and Enhancements

The most exciting change included in this fifth edition of Practical Applications in Sports Nutrition is its new, full-color layout. There is no question that color adds a new dimension to the text’s readability, and it serves to even better highlight the various features of the text.

As in previous editions, Chapters 1 through 9 provide an introduction to sports nutrition, including the definition of sports nutrition and an explanation of general nutrition concepts; a review of digestion and energy metabolism; a thorough explanation of macronutrients, micronutrients, and water and their relation to athletic performance; and, finally, an overview of nutritional ergogenics. Enhancements within Chapters 1–9 in this fifth edition include:

• Updated/revised figures and tables throughout
• The introduction and discussion of new labeling requirements and how to use them
• Updated sport nutrition recommendations based on the 2016 position statement from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), and the Dietitians of Canada (DC)
• The inclusion of the new 2016 World Anti-Doping Association Prohibited Substances List
• Several new Fortifying Your Nutrition Knowledge features (e.g., Mobile Apps: Technology in Weight Management).

Several of this textbook’s unique features appear in the second half of the text, within the practical application section. Chapter 10 focuses on how to educate, communicate with, and empower athletes to make behavior changes through nutrition consultations. Chapter 11 covers enhancing athletic performance through nutrition while also focusing on weight management, including weight loss, weight gain, and eating disorders. Changes to Chapter 11 include updated statistics and graphs on obesity, as well as condensed sections covering body composition measurement and weight loss.

In Chapters 12–14, sports are divided into three categories: endurance, strength/power, and team, each covered separately. Each chapter reviews the most current research as it relates to the energy systems and specific nutrition needs of athletes, which as noted earlier, reflect the new sports nutrition recommendations of ACSM, AND, and DC for these various categories of sports. Chapters 12–14 serve as examples of one of the main objectives of this book: To empower individuals to excel in the sports nutrition field by teaching sports nutrition guidelines and showing how to apply the concepts to athletes in various sports. These chapters demonstrate how to give advice that is practical and easy to follow. Due to the increasing occurrence of athletes with special medical or nutritional considerations—including those who are pregnant, vegetarian, masters athletes, or have chronic diseases—Chapter 15 targets the unique nutrition requirements of these special populations. The text concludes with a chapter dedicated to helping readers discover and understand the pathway to becoming a sports dietitian through education and experience. Enhancements to Chapters 15 and 16 include updated tables, references, resources, and websites.

The Pedagogy
Throughout the text the primary, secondary, and tertiary section headings are phrased as questions. We formatted the section headings as questions to help readers focus their attention and to foster interest in the topic before they begin to read. In other words, they are “directed” to read about topics with the specific purpose of obtaining an answer to a question. This is an effective way of reading and borrows from the work of Francis Robinson, who developed the widely used “preview-question-read-recitereview” (PQ3R) reading technique. The goal is to prevent “hollow reading,” in which a person reads the words on the pages but without a specific understanding or perspective of why he or she is reading.

Our mission is for readers to become engrossed in their reading with the hope that they will be inspired to learn more about the relatively new and growing field of sports nutrition. After all, regardless of where a reader’s academic and career paths may lead, knowledge of good nutrition is universally applicable to one’s personal health and well-being, to enjoyment of recreational and sports activities, and, in the case of dietitians and fitness professionals, to career success.

BRIEF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 The Basics of Sports Nutrition. 1
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Sports Nutrition. 3
CHAPTER 2 Nutrients: Ingestion to Energy Metabolism. 23
CHAPTER 3 Carbohydrates. 59
CHAPTER 4 Fats. 91
CHAPTER 5 Proteins. 116
CHAPTER 6 Vitamins . 141
CHAPTER 7 Minerals. 178
CHAPTER 8 Water . 210
CHAPTER 9 Nutritional Ergogenics . 239
SECTION 2 The Practical Application of Sports Nutrition. 261
CHAPTER 10 Nutrition Consultation with Athletes . 263
CHAPTER 11 Weight Management. 291
CHAPTER 12 Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Athletes . 330
CHAPTER 13 Strength/Power Athletes. 364
CHAPTER 14 Team Sport Athletes. 392
CHAPTER 15 Special Populations . 420
CHAPTER 16 Jobs in Sports Nutrition . 455
APPENDIX A You Are the Nutrition Coach – Answers. 465
APPENDIX B The Gastrointestinal Tract . 471
APPENDIX C Major Metabolic Pathways. 474
APPENDIX D Calculations and Conversations . 480
APPENDIX E Growth and Body Mass Index Charts. 483
APPENDIX F Dietary Reference Intakes . 488