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Organic Chemistry of Explosives



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Author: Jai Prakash Agrawal and Robert Hodgson

Publisher: Wiley

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Publish Date: January 5, 2007

ISBN-10: 470029676

Pages: 414

File Type: PDF

Language: English

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Book Preface

Explosives have attracted a lot of unwanted publicity over the years for their misuse in the taking of life and the destruction of property. Explosives are perceived by most as materials of fear and at no time is this more prevalent than in times of war. Although such concerns and views are not unfounded, there is a bigger picture. More explosives have been used in times of peace than in all of the wars and conflicts put together. How many of the great engineering achievements would have been possible if not for the intervention of explosives? Blasting and quarrying have allowed the construction of our transport links, supplied the rock and raw materials for our buildings, and enabled the extensive mining of minerals and other essential materials. Explosives are in fact no more than a tool and remain as some of the most fascinating products of chemistry.

Much of the information concerning the synthesis of organic explosives, and energetic materials in general, can be found in the form of papers and reviews in academic chemistry journals. The Journal of Energetic Materials (USA); Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics (Germany); Combustion, Explosion and Shockwaves (Russia) and Explosives Engineering (UK) are specialized journals for reporting the recent advances in the synthesis and technology of energetic materials. The mainstream organic chemistry journals occasionally report on the synthesis of energetic materials if that work has a general significance to organic chemistry.

Chemical Abstracts is an invaluable and up to date source of information on patents and publications relating to advances in energetic materials chemistry and technology. Further, there are some national/international societies/associations in this field and their main task is to organize annual conferences/seminars, which provide a forum to scientists, engineers, technologists and academicians working in this area to exchange information on the latest developments. Tenny L. Davis first published his two volumes of The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives in 1941 and 1943, and these were subsequently merged into a single volume. This useful work gives an overview of energetic materials synthesis in the early years. During and after the Second World War much research was pooled into the science of energetic materials, and consequently, the number of reported organic compounds with explosive properties increased enormously together with our knowledge of this subject. Tadeusz Urba´nski, a Polish chemist at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Technical University inWarsaw, published the four volume series of Chemistry and Technology of Explosives over the years of 1964, 1965, 1967 and 1984. This work is a wealth of knowledge for anything from the industrial and laboratory synthesis of explosives to their physical, chemical, thermal and explosive properties.

Unfortunately, this text is now out of print and over 20 years old. As the number of reported energetic materials continues to grow at a rapid rate, and while a number of excellent reviews have been published to fill this knowledge gap, there is still no single text available which is completely devoted to the synthesis of energetic materials from the simplest mixed acid nitration to the synthesis of modern high performance explosives via dinitrogen pentoxide nitration methodology.

For a long time, a reference/text book has been needed which provides detailed information on the synthetic routes to a wide range of energetic materials. The objective of this book is to fill this gap in the literature. The Organic Chemistry of Explosives is a text of pure chemistry which condenses together all the synthetic methods and routes available for the synthesis of organic explosives into one volume. This book is a reference source for chemists working in the field of energetic materials and all those with an interest in the chemistry of nitramines, nitro compounds, nitrate esters and nitration in general. We assume the readers to be new to the chemistry of explosives and so discuss everything from the simplest mixed acid nitration of toluene to the complex synthesis of caged nitro compounds. In doing so, we believe students with a sound knowledge of the basics of organic chemistry will also find this book of value.

While writing this book our approach has been to focus on synthetic methods and use individual synthesis to supplement the discussion rather than bombarding the readers with a near endless list of syntheses. This strikes at the fundamental principles used for energetic materials synthesis and we believe this will be more helpful to the readers. This brings us to the most important class of reaction used for energetic materials synthesis: that of nitration, which is the most widely studied and well understood of any reaction class in organic chemistry. A considerable proportion of this book is devoted to nitration. The books/papers/reviews listed under Acknowledgements were invaluable in the writing of this manuscript and we would recommend the reading of these for further understanding and details of nitration chemistry.


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