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Organic Chemistry 6th Edition



Organic Chemistry 6th Edition PDF

Author: Janice Smith

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

Genres:

Publish Date: March 15, 2019

ISBN-10: 126056584X

Pages: 1392

File Type: PDF

Language: English

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Book Preface

My goal in writing Organic Chemistry was to create a text that showed students the beauty and logic of organic chemistry by giving them a book that they would use. Organic Chemistry is my attempt to simplify and clarify a course that intimidates many students—to make organic chemistry interesting, relevant, and accessible to all students, both chemistry majors and those interested in pursuing careers in biology, medicine, and other disciplines, without sacrificing the rigor they need to be successful in the future.

The Basic Features

Style This text is different—by design. The text uses less prose and more diagrams, equations, tables, and bulleted summaries to introduce and reinforce the major concepts and themes of organic chemistry.
Content Organic Chemistry accents basic themes in an effort to keep memorization at a minimum. Relevant examples from everyday life are used to illustrate concepts, and this material is integrated throughout the chapter rather than confined to a boxed reading. Each topic is broken down into small chunks of information that are more manageable and easily learned. Sample problems are used as a tool to illustrate stepwise problem solving. Exceptions to the rule and older, less useful reactions are omitted to focus attention on the basic themes. Organization Organic Chemistry uses functional groups as the framework within which chemical reactions are discussed. Similar reactions are grouped together so that parallels can be emphasized. These include acid–base reactions (Chapter 2), oxidation and reduction (Chapters 12 and 17), radical reactions (Chapter 13), and reactions of organometallic reagents (Chapter 17).

By introducing one new concept at a time, keeping the basic themes in focus, and breaking complex problems down into small pieces, I have found that many students find organic chemistry an intense but learnable subject. Many, in fact, end the year-long course surprised that they have actually enjoyed their organic chemistry experience.

Organization and Presentation

For the most part, the overall order of topics in the text is consistent with the way most instructors currently teach organic chemistry. There are, however, some important differences in the way topics are presented to make the material logical and more accessible. This can especially be seen in the following areas.
• Review material Chapter 1 presents a healthy dose of review material covering Lewis structures, molecular geometry and hybridization, bond polarity, and types of bonding. Although many of these topics are covered in general chemistry courses, they are presented here from an organic chemist’s perspective. I have found that giving students a firm grasp of these fundamental concepts helps tremendously in their understanding of later material.

Acids and bases Chapter 2 on acids and bases serves two purposes. It gives students experience with curved arrow notation using some familiar proton transfer reactions. It also illustrates how some fundamental concepts in organic structure affect a reaction, in this case an acid–base reaction. Since many mechanisms involve one or more acid–base reactions, I emphasize proton transfer reactions early and come back to this topic often throughout the text.

• Functional groups Chapter 3 uses the functional groups to introduce important properties of organic chemistry. Relevant examples—PCBs, vitamins, soap, and the cell membrane— illustrate fundamental solubility concepts. In this way, practical topics that are sometimes found in the last few chapters of an organic chemistry text (and thus often omitted because instructors run out of Page xx time) are introduced early so that students can better grasp why they are studying the discipline.

• Stereochemistry Stereochemistry (the three-dimensional structure of molecules) is introduced early (Chapter 5) and reinforced often so that students have every opportunity to learn and understand a crucial concept in modern chemical research, drug design, and synthesis.
Modern reactions While there is no shortage of new chemical reactions to present in an organic chemistry text, I have chosen to concentrate on new methods that introduce a particular three-dimensional arrangement in a molecule, so-called asymmetric or enantioselective reactions. Examples include Sharpless epoxidation (Chapter 12), CBS reduction (Chapter 17), and enantioselective synthesis of amino acids (Chapter 27).
Grouping reactions Because certain types of reactions have their own unique characteristics and terminology that make them different from the basic organic reactions, I have grouped these reactions together in individual chapters. These include acid–base reactions (Chapter 2), oxidation and reduction (Chapters 12 and 17), radical reactions (Chapter 13), and reactions of organometallic reagents (Chapter 17). I have found that focusing on a group of reactions that share a common theme helps students to better see their similarities.
Synthesis Synthesis, one of the most difficult topics for a beginning organic student to master, is introduced in small doses, beginning in Chapter 7 and augmented with a detailed discussion of retrosynthetic analysis in Chapter 11. In later chapters, special attention is given to the retrosynthetic analysis of compounds prepared by carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions (for example, Sections 17.11 and 18.9C).
Spectroscopy Because spectroscopy is such a powerful tool for structure determination, four methods are discussed over three chapters (Spectroscopy A, B, and C).
Chapter Reviews End-of-chapter summaries succinctly summarize the main concepts and themes of the chapter, making them ideal for review prior to working the end-of-chapter problems or taking an exam.

New to this Edition

Students sometimes ask me if the facts of organic chemistry have significantly changed since the last edition. While the basic principles remain the same—carbon forms four bonds in stable compounds and oppositely charged species attract each other—organic chemistry is a dynamic subject that is continually refined as new facts are determined, and new editions reflect current understanding. Each year, novel compounds are discovered and new drugs are marketed, and these compounds replace older examples to illustrate particular concepts. Also of significance is how the material in the text is presented. I continue to endeavor to make this difficult subject as student-friendly as possible, by redesigning sample problems and end-of-chapter material, and rewriting sentences and paragraphs for improved clarity.

General

Expanded Problem-Solving Approach A central component of each chapter of Organic Chemistry has always been the Sample Problems, which illustrate how to solve key elements of the chapter. In this edition, Sample Problems are always paired with a follow-up Problem to allow students to apply what they have just learned. The Problems are followed by “More Practice,” a list of end-of-chapter problems that are similar in concept. Students can find detailed solutions and verify their answers to all of the Problems from the book with the Organic Chemistry Student Study Guide/Solutions Manual.
Chapter Review The end-of-chapter summary sections have been expanded into parts: Key Concepts, Key Skills, Key Reactions, and Key Mechanism Concepts, with structures and examples to illustrate each part, providing students with a broader and more detailed overview of each chapter’s important concepts and skills. Extensive cross-referencing has also been added to connect this material with relevant Sample Problems, Problems, Figures, and Tables within the body of the chapter.

Artwork and Chemical Structures The colors in artwork throughout the text were revised for emphasis, clarity, and consistency. Color has also been used in many areas to help students better understand three-dimensional structure, stereochemistry, and reactions.

Problems Over 300 new problems have been added, increasing the variety of problems for instructors and students alike.

New How To’s, Sample Problems, and Illustrations Much new content has also been added throughout the new edition to clarify topics and enhance the student learning experience.

Photos Roughly one-half of the chapter-opening photos have been replaced with photos emphasizing relevant material within the chapter. More marginal photos of applications have also been added.

Online Only Content The chapter on Lipids appears online and is available in customizable versions of the text in McGraw-Hill Create. A supplement covering Imine Derivatives is also available on the Online Learning Center’s Instructor Resources, via the Library tab in Connect.


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