Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care 12th Edition

Book Preface

Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care is a convenient reference to help the
practicing nurse or nursing student make a nursing diagnosis and write a care plan with ease and confidence.
This handbook helps nurses correlate nursing diagnoses with known information about clients on the basis of
assessment findings; established medical, surgical, or psychiatric diagnoses; and the current treatment plan.
Making a nursing diagnosis and planning care are complex processes that involve diagnostic reasoning and
critical thinking skills. Nursing students and practicing nurses cannot possibly memorize the extensive list of
defining characteristics, related factors, and risk factors for the 244 diagnoses approved by NANDAInternational (NANDA-I). There are also two additional diagnoses that the authors think are significant: Hearing Loss and Vision Loss. These diagnoses are contained in Appendix E.

This book correlates suggested nursing diagnoses with what nurses know about clients and offers a care plan for each nursing diagnosis.
Section I, Nursing Process, Clinical Reasoning, Nursing Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Nursing, is divided
into two parts. Part A includes an overview of the nursing process. This section provides information on how to
make a nursing diagnosis and directions on how to plan nursing care. It also includes information on using
clinical reasoning skills and eliciting the “client’s story.” Part B includes advanced nursing concepts: concept
mapping, QSEN (quality and safety education for nurses), evidence-based nursing care, quality nursing care,
patient-centered care, safety, informatics in nursing, and team/collaborative work with an interprofessional
team.

In Section II, Guide to Nursing Diagnoses, the nurse can look up symptoms and problems and their
suggested nursing diagnoses for more than 1450 client symptoms; medical, surgical, and psychiatric diagnoses;
diagnostic procedures; surgical interventions; and clinical states.

In Section III, Guide to Planning Care, the nurse can find care plans for all nursing diagnoses suggested in
Section II. We have included the suggested nursing outcomes from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)
and interventions from the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) by the Iowa Intervention Project. We
believe this work is a significant addition to the nursing process to further define nursing practice with
standardized language.

Scientific rationales based on research are included for most of the interventions. This is done to make the
evidence base of nursing practice apparent to the nursing student and practicing nurse.

New special features of the twelfth edition of Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning
Care include the following:
• Labeling of classic older research studies that are still relevant as Classic EvidenceBased (CEB)
• Seventy-two revised nursing diagnoses approved by NANDA-I
• Addition of the terms At-Risk Populations and Associated Conditions to the
diagnostic indicators as approved by NANDA-I
• NANDA-I approved change for the definition of the Health Promotion Diagnoses
• Seventeen new nursing diagnoses recently approved by NANDA-I, along with
retiring eight nursing diagnoses: Risk for disproportionate growth, Noncompliance,
Readiness for enhanced fluid balance, Readiness for enhanced urinary elimination,
Risk for impaired cardiovascular function, Risk for ineffective gastrointestinal
perfusion, Risk for ineffective renal perfusion, and Risk for imbalanced body
temperature
• Eleven revisions of nursing diagnoses made by NANDA-I in existing nursing
diagnoses
• Old diagnosis: Deficient diversional activity
Revised diagnosis: Decreased diversional activity engagement
• Old diagnosis: Insufficient breast milk

Revised diagnosis: Insufficient breast milk production
• Old diagnosis: Neonatal jaundice
Revised diagnosis: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
• Old diagnosis: Risk for neonatal jaundice
Revised diagnosis: Risk for hyperbilirubinemia
• Old diagnosis: Impaired oral mucous membrane
Revised diagnosis: Impaired oral mucous membrane integrity
• Old diagnosis: Risk for impaired oral mucous membrane
Revised diagnosis: Risk for impaired oral mucous membrane integrity
• Old diagnosis: Risk for sudden infant death syndrome
Revised diagnosis: Risk for sudden infant death
• Old diagnosis: Risk for trauma
Revised diagnosis: Risk for physical trauma
• Old diagnosis: Risk for allergy response
Revised diagnosis: Risk for allergic reaction
• Old diagnosis: Latex allergy response
Revised diagnosis: Latex allergic reaction
• Old diagnosis: Risk for latex allergy response
Revised diagnosis: Risk for latex allergic reaction
• Further addition of pediatric and critical care interventions to appropriate care
plans
• An associated Evolve Online Course Management System that includes a care plan
constructor, critical thinking case studies, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) labels, PowerPoint slides, review
questions for the NCLEX-RN® exam, and appendixes for Nursing Diagnoses
Arranged by Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Nursing Diagnoses Arranged by
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns, Motivational Interviewing for Nurses, WellnessOriented Diagnostic Categories, and Nursing Care Plans for Hearing Loss and Vision
Loss
The following features of Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: A Guide to Planning Care are also available:
• Suggested nursing diagnoses for more than 1450 clinical entities, including signs
and symptoms, medical diagnoses, surgeries, maternal-child disorders, mental health
disorders, and geriatric disorders
• Labeling of nursing research as EBN (Evidence-Based Nursing) and clinical research
as EB (Evidence-Based) to identify the source of evidence-based rationales
• An Evolve Online Courseware System with a Care Plan Constructor that helps the
student or nurse write a nursing care plan
• Rationales for nursing interventions that are (for the most part) based on nursing
research
• Nursing references identified for each care plan
• A complete list of NOC Outcomes on the Evolve website
• A complete list of NIC Interventions on the Evolve website
• Nursing care plans that contain many holistic interventions
• Care plans written by leading national nursing experts from throughout the United
States, along with international contributors, who together represent all of the major
nursing specialties and have extensive experience with nursing diagnoses, the nursing
process, and evidence-based practice. Several contributors are the original
submitters/authors of the nursing diagnoses established by NANDA-I.

• A format that facilitates analyzing signs and symptoms by the process already
known by nurses, which involves using defining characteristics of nursing diagnoses
to make a diagnosis
• Use of NANDA-I terminology and approved diagnoses
• An alphabetical format for Sections II and III, which allows rapid access to
information
• Nursing care plans for all nursing diagnoses listed in Section II
• Specific geriatric interventions in appropriate plans of care
• Specific client/family teaching interventions in each plan of care
• Information on culturally competent nursing care included where appropriate
• Inclusion of commonly used abbreviations (e.g., AIDS, MI, HF) and cross-references
to complete terms in Section II
We acknowledge the work of NANDA-I, which is used extensively throughout this text. The original
NANDA-I work can be found in NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions & Classification 2018-2020, eleventh
edition.
We and the consultants and contributors trust that nurses will find this twelfth edition of Nursing Diagnosis
Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care a valuable tool that simplifies the process of identifying
appropriate nursing diagnoses for clients and planning for their care, thus allowing nurses more time to provide
evidence-based care that speeds each client’s recovery. Gail B. Ladwig
Mary Beth Flynn Makic
Marina Reyna Martinez-Kratz
Melody Zanotti