Experiments in General Chemistry: Inquiry and Skillbuilding

Book Preface

A researcher may design a chemistry experiment with the goal of gathering data that supports or refutes the researcher’s hypothesis. In another experiment, perhaps in the same laboratory, a researcher may carefully follow a procedure described in the literature in hopes of developing knowledge and skills that will influence future experiments. In this manual we have divided the experiments into three categories: Skill Building experiments, Guided Inquiry experiments and Open Inquiry experiments.

Skill Building experiments are highly structured and direct students through activities. One sometimes finds this style of experiment referred to as ‘‘Cookbook Experiments’’; however, Skill Building experiments are often the most efficient way to teach skills that may be needed in future experiments or to demonstrate previously developed concepts. While many instructors are accustomed to this type of experiment and while it can be an efficient use of time, it is not typical of all research laboratory activities.

In Guided Inquiry experiments, students collect data/observations on designated variables without previously studying the relationship between variables. Students are guided to the logical organization, comparison, analysis, and interpretation of data. Students use their data to come to a generalization about the variables. The processes of forming generalizations or hypothesizing so the explanation ‘fits’ the data and testing the hypothesis are important aspects of this type of laboratory.

Open Inquiry experiments ask students to design experiments to answer questions based on their understanding of the concept(s). Students choose the variables, procedure, and the exact nature of the question/hypothesis.

Each type of experiment has advantages and disadvantages. When the skill or end product is the primary goal, a Skill Building experiment is used. When it is possible for the students to design their experiment to test a hypothesis or concept, an Open Inquiry experiment is used. When the students need some direction on a topic or concept, the Guided Inquiry experiment is used. This manual contains a mix of the three types.

We believe that with a combination of experiment styles, the information and skills gained by the students can be maximized while the amount of time spent in the lab can be minimized. We trust that you will find these experiments well designed, informative, efficient, instructional, and enjoyable.

Vickie M. Williamson and M. Larry Peck