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Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance 8th Edition



Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance 8th Edition PDF

Author: William D. McArdle

Publisher: LWW

Genres:

Publish Date: March 4, 2014

ISBN-10: 1451191553

Pages: 1088

File Type: PDF

Language: English

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Book Preface

Since the first edition of our textbook more than threee decades ago, knowledge concerning the physiologic effects of exercise in general and the body’s unique and specific responses to training in particular has exploded. Tipton’s search of the 1946 English literature for the terms exercise and exertion yielded 12 citations in 5 journals.73 Tipton also cited a 1984 analysis by Booth, who reported that in 1962, the number of yearly citations of the term exertion increased to 128 in 51 journals, and by 1981, there were 655 citations to the word exertion in 224 journals. The graph on this page highlights the huge number of entries for the words exercise or exertion from a recent Internet search of Index Medicus (Medline) and for the years 2000 to December 3, 2013, using the NCBI database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez). In just a 4-year period since publication of our seventh edition, the num-ber of citations increased by over 66,700 to 291,194, a 29.8% increase! Although we had thought that citation frequency was leveling off from 1986 to 1996, the rate of increase has instead steadily increased beyond our wildest expectations. Obviously, we misjudged how greatly exercise-related topics would affect schol-arly productivity in biologic sciences research. With expanding interest in the role of exercise and physical activity in the allied health professions, the rate of citations devoted to these topics undoubtedly will continue to accelerate.
As graduate students in the late 1960s, we never imagined that interest in exercise physiology would increase so dramati-cally. New generations of scholars committed to studying the scientific basis of exercise had set to work. Some studied the physiologic mechanisms involved in adaptations to regular exercise; others evaluated individual differences in exercise and sports performance. Collectively, both approaches expanded knowledge in the growing field of exercise physiology. At our first scientific conference (American College of Sports Medi-cine [ACSM] in Las Vegas, 1967), still as graduate students, we rubbed elbows with the “giants” of the field, many of whom were themselves students of the leaders of their era. Several hundred ACSM members listened attentively as the superstars of exer-cise physiology and physical fitness (Erling Asmussen, Per-Olof Åstrand, Bruno Balke, Elsworth Buskirk, Thomas Cureton, Lars Hermansen, Steven Horvath, Henry Montoye, Bengt Saltin, and Charles Tipton) presented their research and fielded penetrating questions from an audience of young graduate stu-dents eager to devour the latest scientific information delivered by these “stars of our field.”
Sitting under an open tent in the Nevada desert with one of the world’s leading physiolo-gists, Dr. David Bruce Dill (then age 74; profiled later in this book’s introduction), we listened to his research assistant—a high school student—lecture about temperature regulation in the des-ert burro. Later, one of us (Frank Katch) sat next to a white-haired gentleman and chatted about his master’s thesis project. Only later did an embarrassed Frank learn that this gentleman was Captain Albert R. Behnke, MD (1898–1993; ACSM Honor Award, 1976), the modern-day “father” of human body composition assessment whose crucial experiment in diving physiology established standards for decompression and use of mixed gases for deep dives. Dr. Behnke’s pioneering studies of hydro-static weighing in 1942 (which Frank Katch put into practice with a swimming pool underwater weighing tank for his master of science thesis at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1966), the development of a reference man and reference woman model, and the creation of the somato-gram based on anthropometric measurements
Exercise or exertion as a topic (top bars) and frequency of the word exercise appearing in
a scientific journal (bottom bars) for the years 1966 to 2013 from Index Medicus. The last four columns used PubMed via an Internet search for citations with the terms exercise or exertion.

form the basis for much cur-rent work in body composi-tion assessment.
That fortuitous meeting began a lasting personal and fulfilling professional friend-ship until Dr. Behnke’s death in 1993. Over the years, the three of us were indeed for-tunate to work with the very best scholars in our field. William McArdle studied for his PhD at the University of Michigan with Dr. Henry Montoye (charter member of ACSM; President of ACSM, 1962–1963; Citation Award, 1973) and Dr. John Faulkner (President of ACSM, 1971–1972; Citation Award, 1973; ACSM Honor Award, 1992). At the University of California, Berkeley, Victor Katch completed his master of science thesis under the supervision of Dr. Jack Wilmore (ACSM President, 1978–1979; Citation Award, 1984; first editor of Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 1973–1974) and was a doctoral student of Dr. Franklin Henry (ACSM Honor Award, 1975; originator of the “Memory-Drum Concept” about the specificity of exercise; author of the seminal paper “Physical Education—an Academic Discipline,” JOHPER 1964;35:32). Frank Katch completed his master of science under the super-vision of thesis advisors Dr. Ernest Michael, Jr. (former PhD student of pioneer exercise physiologist–physical fitness scien-tist Dr. Thomas Kirk Cureton; ACSM Honor Award, 1969), and Dr. Barbara Drinkwater (President of ACSM, 1988–1989; ACSM Honor Award, 1996), and then completed doctoral studies at UC Berkeley with Professor Franklin Henry.

As the three of us reexamine those earlier times, we real-ize, like many of our colleagues, that our academic good for-tunes prospered because our professors and mentors shared an unwavering commitment to study sport, exercise, and move-ment from a strong scientific and physiologic perspective. These scholars demonstrated why it was crucial that physical educators be well grounded in both the scientific basics and underlying concepts and principles of exercise physiology.

Moving Forward
As in the publication of the first edition of Exercise Physiol-ogy: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance in 1981, this eighth edition reflects our continued commitment to inte-grate the concepts and science of the different disciplines that contribute to a more comprehensive understanding and appreciation of modern-day exercise physiology. As in prior editions, we continue to believe that the exercise physiol-ogy discipline demands integration of study areas relevant to nutrition, exercise biochemistry and bioenergetics, physiology, medicine, exercise training and sports performance, and the health-related aspects of regular physical activity. All of these areas naturally and inexorably link within the fabric of what currently comprises the field called exercise physiology or, in exercise. As an example, proper nutrition links to good health, effective weight control, and optimal levels of physical activ-ity and sports performance, while regular physical activity and exercise training provide an important means to control body weight and optimize one’s overall health profile. We are encouraged that the medical establishment and government agencies continue to acknowledge (and now promote) regular physical activity as an important weapon in the armamentar-ium for prevention and rehabilitation of diverse disease states, including diabetes, obesity, cancer, and heart disease.

We are gratified with the small part we have played in the education of more than 400,000 undergraduate and graduate students who have used this text since the publication of the first edition in 1981. A source of great pride for us is that some of the first students enrolled in our classes that used this text have gone on to earn advanced degrees in the same or simi-lar fields. This tradition of textbook adoption has now been passed down to their students, many of whom comprise the next generation of aspiring teachers, exercise specialists, and researchers. We are forever grateful to our former teachers and mentors for igniting a spark that has not diminished. We hope you will become as excited as we first were (and continue to be) in the science of exercise physiology and human performance.

We leave you with this apt quote in Latin attributed to pro-lific French author and astronomer Nicolas Camille Flammarion (1842 –1925): “Ad Veritatum Per Scientiam” (To Truth Through Science), inscribed in gold above the observatory and museum entrance to his Chateau at Juvisy-Sur-Orge outside of Paris.


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