Cracking the AP Chemistry Exam 2020, Premium Edition: 5 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review
Book Preface
PREVIEW ACTIVITY: YOUR KNOWLEDGE, YOUR EXPECTATIONS
Your route to a high score on the AP Chemistry Exam depends a lot on how you plan to use this book. Please respond to the following questions.
1. Rate your level of confidence about your knowledge of the content tested by the AP Chemistry Exam:
A. Very confident—I know it all
B. I’m pretty confident, but there are topics for which I could use help
C. Not confident—I need quite a bit of support
D. I’m not sure
2. Choose your goal score for the AP Chemistry Exam.
5 4 3 2 1 I’m not sure yet
3. What do you expect to learn from this book? Choose all that apply to you.
A. A general overview of the test and what to expect
B. Strategies for how to approach the test
C. The content tested by this exam
D. I’m not sure yet
YOUR GUIDE TO USING THIS BOOK
This book is organized to provide as much—or as little—support as you need, so you can use this book in whatever way will be most helpful to improving your score on the AP Chemistry Exam.
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The remainder of Part I will provide guidance on how to use this book and help you determine your strengths and weaknesses.
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Part II of this book contains Practice Test 1 and its answers and explanations. (Bubble sheets can be found in the very back of the book for easy tear-out.) We strongly recommend that you take this test before going any further, in order to realistically determine:
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your starting point right now
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which question types you’re ready for and which you might need to practice
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which content topics you are familiar with and which you will want to carefully review
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Once you have nailed down your strengths and weaknesses with regard to this exam, you can focus your test preparation, build a study plan, and be efficient with your time.
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Part III of this book will:
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provide information about the structure, scoring, and content of the AP Chemistry Exam
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help you to make a study plan
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point you toward additional resources
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Part IV of this book will explore:
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how to attack multiple-choice questions
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how to write high-scoring free-response answers
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how to manage your time to maximize the number of points available to you
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Part V of this book covers the content you need for your exam.
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Parts VI and VII of this book contain Practice Tests 2, 3, and 4, their answers and explanations, and a scoring guide. (Bubble sheets can be found in the very back of the book for easy tear-out.) If you skipped Practice Test 1, we recommend that you do both Practice Tests 1 and 2 (with at least a day or two between them) so that you can compare your progress between the two. Additionally, this will help to identify any external issues: if you get a certain type of question wrong both times, you probably need to review it. If you only got it wrong once, you may have run out of time or been distracted by something. In either case, this will allow you to focus on the factors that caused the discrepancy in scores and to be as prepared as possible on the day of the test.
You may choose to use some parts of this book over others, or you may work through the entire book. This will depend on your needs and how much time you have. Let’s now look how to make this determination.
HOW TO BEGIN
1. Take a Test
Before you can decide how to use this book, you need to take a practice test. Doing so will give you insight into your strengths and weaknesses, and the test will also help you make an effective study plan. If you’re feeling test-phobic, remind yourself that a practice test is a tool for diagnosing yourself—it’s not how well you do that matters but how you use information gleaned from your performance to guide your preparation.
So, before you read further, take AP Chemistry Practice Test 1 starting at this page of this book. Be sure to do so in one sitting, following the instructions that appear before the test.
2. Check Your Answers
Using the answer key on this page, count the number of multiple-choice questions you got right and the number you missed. Don’t worry about the explanations for now, and don’t worry about why you missed questions. We’ll get to that soon.
3. Reflect on the Test
After you take your first test, respond to the following questions:
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How much time did you spend on the multiple-choice questions?
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How much time did you spend on each long form free-response question? What about each short form free-response question?
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How many multiple-choice questions did you miss?
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Do you feel you had the knowledge to address the subject matter of the free-response questions?
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Do you feel you wrote well-organized, thoughtful answers to the free-response questions?
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Circle the content areas that were most challenging for you and draw a line through the ones in which you felt confident/did well.
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Big Idea #1: Atoms, Elements, and the Building Blocks of Matter
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Big Idea #2: Bonding and Phases
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Big Idea #3: Chemical Reactions, Energy Changes, and Redox Reactions
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Big Idea #4: Chemical Reactions and their Rates
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Big Idea #5: Laws of Thermodynamics and Changes in Matter
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Big Idea #6: Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, Titrations, and Solubility
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4. Read Part III of this Book and Complete the Self-Evaluation
As discussed previously, Part III will provide information on how the test is structured and scored. As you read Part III, re-evaluate your answers to the questions on the previous page. You will then be able to make a study plan, based on your needs and time available, that will allow you to use this book most effectively.
5. Engage with Parts IV and V as Needed
Notice the word engage. You’ll get more out of this book if you use it intentionally than if you read it passively, hoping for an improved score through osmosis.
The strategy chapters will help you think about your approach to the question types on this exam. Part IV will open with a reminder to think about how you approach questions now and then close with a reflection section asking you to think about how/whether you will change your approach in the future.
The content chapters are designed to provide a review of the content tested on the AP Chemistry Exam, including the level of detail you need to know and how the content is tested. You will have the opportunity to assess your mastery of the content of each chapter through test-appropriate questions.
6. Take Test 2 and Assess Your Performance
Once you feel you have developed the strategies you need and gained the knowledge you lacked, you should take Test 2, which starts at this page of this book. You should do so in one sitting, following the instructions at the beginning of the test.
When you are done, check your answers to the multiple-choice sections on this page. See if a teacher will read your answers to the free-response questions and provide feedback.
Once you have taken the test, reflect on what areas you still need to work on, and revisit the chapters in this book that address those deficiencies. Through this type of reflection and engagement, you will continue to improve.
7. Keep Working
After you have revisited certain chapters in this book, continue the process of testing, reflecting, and engaging with the remaining practice tests. Each time, consider what additional work you need to do and how you will change your strategic approach to different parts of the test.
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Acknowledgments
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Part I: Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score
Preview Activity: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations
Your Guide to Using This Book
How to Begin
Part II: Practice Test 1
Practice Test 1: Answers and Explanations
Part III: About the AP Chemistry Exam
The Structure of the AP Chemistry Exam
Overview of Content Topics
How AP Exams Are Used
Other Resources
Designing Your Study Plan
Part IV: Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Chemistry Exam
1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions
2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions
Part V: Content Review for the AP Chemistry Exam
3 Big Idea #1: Atoms, Elements, and the Building Blocks of Matter
The Periodic Table
Moles
Coulomb’s Law
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Configuration Rules
Predicting Ionic Charges
Periodic Trends
Chapter 3 Questions
Chapter 3 Answers and Explanations
4 Big Idea #2: Bonding and Phases
Bonds Overview
Ionic Bonds
Metallic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Lewis Dot Structures
Polarity
Intermolecular Forces
Vapor Pressure
Solution Separation
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Maxwell-Boltzmann Diagrams
Effusion
The Ideal Gas Equation
Dalton’s Law
Deviations from Ideal Behavior
Density
Chapter 4 Questions
Chapter 4 Answers and Explanations
5 Big Idea #3: Chemical Reactions, Energy Changes, and Redox Reactions
Types of Reactions
Chemical Equations
Gravimetric Analysis
Enthalpy
Energy Diagrams
Catalysts and Energy Diagrams
Oxidation States
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Galvanic Cells
Electrolytic Cells
Chapter 5 Questions
Chapter 5 Answers and Explanations
6 Big Idea #4: Chemical Reactions and Their Rates
Rate Law Using Initial Concentrations
Rate Law Using Concentration and Time
Collision Theory
Beer’s Law
Reaction Mechanisms
Catalysts
Chapter 6 Questions
Chapter 6 Answers and Explanations
7 Big Idea #5: Laws of Thermodynamics and Changes in Matter
Heat and Temperature
State Functions
Enthalpy of Formation, ΔH°f
Bond Energy
Hess’s Law
Enthalpy of Solution
Thermodynamics of Phase Change
Calorimetry
Heating Curves
Entropy
Gibbs Free Energy
Free Energy Change, ΔG
ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS
Voltage and Favorability
Chapter 7 Questions
Chapter 7 Answers and Explanations
8 Big Idea #6: Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, Titrations, and Solubility
The Equilibrium Constant, Keq
Le Châtelier’s Principle
Changes in the Equilibrium Constant
The Reaction Quotient, Q
Solubility
Acids and Bases Definitions
pH
Acid Strengths
Neutralization Reactions
Buffers
Indicators
Titration
Chapter 8 Questions
Chapter 8 Answers and Explanations
9 Laboratory Overview
Part VI: Practice Test 2
Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations
Part VII: Additional Practice Tests
Practice Test 3
Practice Test 3: Answers and Explanations
Practice Test 4
Practice Test 4: Answers and Explanations
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