Chemical Principles (5th edition)

Book Preface

CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES

This text is designed for a rigorous course in introductory chemistry. Its central theme is to challenge students to think and question while providing a sound foundation in the principles of chemistry.

At the same time, students of all levels benefit from assistance in learning how to think, pose questions, and approach problems. To that end, Chemical Principles is organized in a logical way that builds understanding and offers students a wide array of pedagogical support.

ATOMS-FIRST ORGANIZATION

Chemical Principles presents the concepts of chemistry in a logical sequence that enhances student understanding. The atoms-first sequence starts with the behavior of atoms and molecules and builds to more complex properties and interactions.

• Atoms and molecules come first (including discussions of quantum mechanics and molecular orbitals), providing the foundation for understanding bulk properties and models of gases, liquids, and solids. Chapter 1 has been reorganized in this edition to give readers a gentler introduction to atoms and their structure.

• Next comes an exploration of thermodynamics and equilibrium, which builds on a conceptual understanding of entropy and free energy. This integrated presentation lays a common foundation for related concepts and provides a basis for the form of the equilibrium constant.

• Kinetics then shows the dynamic nature of chemistry and the cr

CONTENTS IN BRIEF

1 ATOMS: THE QUANTUM WORLD 1
2 CHEMICAL BONDS 55
MAJOR TECHNIQUE 1: INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 90
3 MOLECULAR SHAPE AND STRUCTURE 93
MAJOR TECHNIQUE 2: ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY 130
4 THE PROPERTIES OF GASES 133
5 LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS 171
MAJOR TECHNIQUE 3: X-RAY DIFFRACTION 203
6 INORGANIC MATERIALS 205
7 THERMODYNAMICS: THE FIRST LAW 235
8 THERMODYNAMICS: THE SECOND AND THIRD LAWS 287
9 PHYSICAL EQUILIBRIA 333
MAJOR TECHNIQUE 4: CHROMATOGRAPHY 381
10 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA 383
11 ACIDS AND BASES 423
12 AQUEOUS EQUILIBRIA 475
13 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 515
14 CHEMICAL KINETICS 561
MAJOR TECHNIQUE 5: COMPUTATION 610
15 THE ELEMENTS: THE MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS 611
16 THE ELEMENTS: THE d-BLOCK 667
17 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY 705
18 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I: THE HYDROCARBONS 735
MAJOR TECHNIQUE 6: MASS SPECTROMETRY 758
19 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II: POLYMERS AND BIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDS 761
MAJOR TECHNIQUE 7: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 791