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Campbell Biology AP Ninth Edition



Campbell Biology AP Ninth Edition PDF

Author: Inc. Pearson Education

Publisher: Pearson

Genres:

Publish Date: June 30, 2011

ISBN-10: 0131375040

Pages: 1263

File Type: PDF

Language: English

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Book Preface

Biology is an enormous subject, one that can seem overwhelming to students and scientists alike. Moreover, discoveries are being made at an unprecedented pace—from new kinds of small RNA molecules to the Neanderthal genome, from new biofuels to communities of organisms thriving beneath vast glaciers, from emerging infectious diseases to cancer vaccines. As a result, a general biology course faces a daunting challenge: to keep students from suffocating under an avalanche of information. CAMPBELL BIOLOGY addresses this challenge by providing a strong foundation for understanding both current knowledge and new developments in the context of underlying biological concepts.

Key Concepts and Unifying Themes

In each chapter of this textbook, a framework of three to six carefully chosen Key Concepts provide context for supporting
details, helping students distinguish the “forest” from the “trees.” The numbered Key Concepts are presented at the beginning of the chapter and then serve as headings for each chapter section. Concept Check Questions at the end of each section provide a hierarchical framework for self-assessment that builds students’ confidence and then challenges them to push the limits of their understanding with several types of critical thinking questions. The Summary of Key Concepts at the end of the chapter refocuses students on the main points.

New to This Edition: An Emphasis on Making Connections

In addition to Key Concepts and themes, we’ve created new features for the Ninth Edition that help students see the big picture by making connections. These include the following:

New Make Connections Questions:

Making connections across chapters
New Make Connections Questions help students see how different areas of biology tie together, helping them overcome the tendency to compartmentalize information.

Each question challenges students to move beyond memorization and gain a deeper understanding of biological principles by asking them to relate chapter content to material they learned earlier in the course. For example, we ask students to connect
• DNA replication (Chapter 16, see p. 319) to the cell cycle (Chapter 12);
• Soil formation (Chapter 37, see p. 789) to the properties of water (Chapter 3); and
• Aquatic biomes (Chapter 52, see p. 1163) to osmoregulation (Chapter 44). At least three Make Connections Questions appear in each chapter. In addition, online Make Connections Tutorials in MasteringBiology® (see p. xi) connect content from two different chapters using figures from the book.

Expanded Evolution Coverage: Making connections to evolution in every chapter Evolution is the core theme of biology, and in this edition it is more evident than ever. At least one Evolution section in every chapter focuses on evolutionary aspects of the chapter material, highlighted by a new Evolution banner. See, for example, the new discussions of enzyme evolution (p. 157), coevolution of flowers and pollinators (p. 806), and evolution of hormone function in animals (pp. 988–989).

New Impact Figures: Making connections between scientific advances and the real world Our new Impact Figures motivate students by highlightingthe dramatic impact of recent discoveries in biology. These figures feature high-interest topics such as induced pluripotent stem cells and regenerative medicine (Chapter 20, p. 417), the discovery of Tiktaalik (Chapter 34, p. 710), and the use of forensic ecology to track elephant poaching (Chapter 56, p. 1243).
The Why It Matters section of each figure explains the relevance of the research to students’ lives, global problems, or the field of biology itself. Each Impact Figure ends with a suggestion for Further Reading and a What If? or Make Connections Question to develop critical thinking skills.

New Visual Organizers and 3-D Art:
Making connections visually
The new Visual Organizer format highlights the main parts of a figure, helping students see the key categories at a glance. See, for instance, Figure 17.24 on types of small-scale mutations (p. 345) or Figure 27.3, Gram staining (p. 557). Throughout the book, selected figures have been rendered in a more 3-D art style while keeping an appropriate balance between realism and teaching effectiveness. Figure 52.3, Exploring Global Climate Patterns (p. 1146), is one example.

Restructured Chapter Reviews:
Making connections at a higher level
In the chapter summaries, each concept section now concludes with a new Summary of Key Concepts Question that is tied to a major learning goal. Also, this edition increases student awareness of different levels of thinking by organizing the endof-chapter questions into three levels based on Bloom’s taxonomy, which classifies types of thinking that are important in learning. Our levels are (1) Knowledge/Comprehension, (2) Application/Analysis, and (3) Synthesis/Evaluation. (These same levels are used in the Campbell Test Bank.) The range of question types helps students develop critical thinking skills and prepare for the kinds of questions they’ll encounter on exams. New Write About a Theme Questions give students practice writing short, coherent essays that connect the chapter’s content to one of the book’s themes. (A suggested grading rubric can be found on p. xv, and sample answers are provided for instructors in the MasteringBiology Instructor Resources area.) A new MasteringBiology preview section at the end of each chapter lists Assignments—tutorials, activities, and questions that instructors can assign. This section also directs students to the eText and Study Area for online self study

Brief Contents
1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 1
The Chemistry of Life 28
2 The Chemical Context of Life 30
3 Water and Life 46
4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity
of Life 58
5 The Structure and Function of Large
Biological Molecules 68
The Cell 92
6 A Tour of the Cell 94
7 Membrane Structure and Function 125
8 An Introduction to Metabolism 142
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 163
10 Photosynthesis 184
11 Cell Communication 206
12 The Cell Cycle 228
Genetics 246
13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 248
14 Mendel and the Gene Idea 262
15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 286
16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 305
17 From Gene to Protein 325
18 Regulation of Gene Expression 351
19 Viruses 381
20 Biotechnology 396
21 Genomes and Their Evolution 426
Mechanisms of Evolution 450
22 Descent with Modification:
A Darwinian View of Life 452
23 The Evolution of Populations 469
24 The Origin of Species 488
25 The History of Life on Earth 507
The Evolutionary History
of Biological Diversity 534
26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life 536
27 Bacteria and Archaea 556
28 Protists 575
29 Plant Diversity I:
How Plants Colonized Land 600
30 Plant Diversity II:
The Evolution of Seed Plants 618
31 Fungi 636
32 An Overview of Animal Diversity 654
33 An Introduction to Invertebrates 666
34 The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates 697
Plant Form and Function 736
35 Plant Structure, Growth,
and Development 738
36 Resource Acquisition and Transport
in Vascular Plants 764
37 Soil and Plant Nutrition 785
38 Angiosperm Reproduction
and Biotechnology 801
39 Plant Responses to Internal
and External Signals 821
Animal Form and Function 850
40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
and Function 852
41 Animal Nutrition 875
42 Circulation and Gas Exchange 897
43 The Immune System 929
44 Osmoregulation and Excretion 953
45 Hormones and the Endocrine System 974
46 Animal Reproduction 996
47 Animal Development 1021
48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 1045
49 Nervous Systems 1062
50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms 1085
51 Animal Behavior 1118
Ecology 1142
52 An Introduction to Ecology
and the Biosphere 1144
53 Population Ecology 1170
54 Community Ecology 1194
55 Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology 1218
56 Conservation Biology
and Global Change 1238


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